{"id":1023,"date":"2026-07-30T13:10:40","date_gmt":"2026-07-30T11:10:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medievalsicily.org\/projects\/tre-cantoni\/results\/chronology\/"},"modified":"2026-07-30T13:10:40","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T11:10:40","slug":"chronology","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/medievalsicily.org\/en\/projects\/tre-cantoni\/results\/chronology\/","title":{"rendered":"Chronology"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Research results<\/a> \u00b7 subpage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chronology<\/h1>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n
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Radiocarbon dating and stratigraphic analysis confirm that the main phase of construction and use of the Castello dei Tre Cantoni falls within second half of the 14th century \u2013 the first half of the 15th century<\/strong>. These data are at odds with earlier hypotheses assuming the dominance of a Byzantine or Norman phase.<\/p>\n

Timeline<\/h3>\n
\n\n
Phase<\/th>Dating<\/th>Interpretation<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>
Early hypotheses<\/td>before the 14th c.<\/td>Limited archaeological confirmation (siege of 864\u2013865, qal’a<\/em> of Edrisi, 12th c.)<\/td><\/tr>\n
Beginning of the main phase<\/td>2nd half of the 14th c.<\/td>Activity of the building workshop (lime kiln in Saggio 3)<\/td><\/tr>\n
Main construction phase<\/td>1st half of the 15th c.<\/td>Closure of the kiln’s operation (layer 3 = TAQ); intensive use<\/td><\/tr>\n
Role within the County of Modica<\/td>16th\u201317th c.<\/td>Repairs to the walls, castle tower (sample 2\/2023)<\/td><\/tr>\n
End of operation<\/td>1693<\/td>Earthquake<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n

Contribution of the project<\/h3>\n

The strongest argument in favour of the Aragonese chronology is the stratigraphic interpretation of the lime kiln in Saggio 3<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

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Layer 3, which closes the operation of the kiln, contains ceramic material dated to the first half of the 15th century. It therefore constitutes a terminus ante quem<\/em> for the end of the building workshop’s activity. Consequently, the ceramics found in layers 4\u20138 must be chronologically earlier than the first half of the 15th century<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

The stratigraphic sequence is fully consistent with the C-14 dating (samples C2\/2018 and C6\/2018) and indicates that intensive building activity took place at the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Table of C-14 dating<\/h3>\n
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The table is dynamically embedded from the CPT chronologia, filtered by the Castello dei Tre Cantoni site \u2014 see [the full dating database<\/a>]<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

The most important samples for the chronology of the Castello dei Tre Cantoni:<\/p>\n

\n\n
Sample<\/th>Material<\/th>BP<\/th>Calibration 2\u03c3<\/th>Interpretation<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>
C1\/2018<\/td>Masonry mortar<\/td>570 \u00b1 23<\/td>AD 1325\u20131345 \/ AD 1390\u20131450<\/td>14th c. \u2013 1st half of the 15th c. (cistern wall)<\/td><\/tr>\n
C2\/2018<\/td>Charcoal<\/td>620 \u00b1 23<\/td>AD 1290\u20131410<\/td>14th c. \u2013 early 15th c. (bottom of the lime kiln)<\/td><\/tr>\n
C4\/2018<\/td>Masonry mortar<\/td>627 \u00b1 23<\/td>AD 1285\u20131410<\/td>14th c. \u2013 early 15th c.<\/td><\/tr>\n
C6\/2018<\/td>Charcoal<\/td>563 \u00b1 23<\/td>AD 1325\u20131345 \/ AD 1390\u20131450<\/td>14th c. \u2013 1st half of the 15th c. (kiln)<\/td><\/tr>\n
1\/2020<\/td>Charcoal<\/td>502 \u00b1 20<\/td>AD 1415\u20131445<\/td>15th c. (castle wall with a coin)<\/td><\/tr>\n
1\/2023 (no. 1)<\/td>Mortar<\/td>571 \u00b1 20<\/td>AD 1390\u20131445<\/td>14th\u201315th c. (north wall)<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n

\u2192 View all 11 samples in the database<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n

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\u2190 Powr\u00f3t do Research results<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Research results \u00b7 subpage Chronology Radiocarbon dating and stratigraphic analysis confirm that the main phase of construction and use of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"parent":1011,"menu_order":51,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1023","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nChronology - 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